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Epoch Health Article If you decide to cut sugar out of your diet, with a few reasonable exceptions, you will experience some unexpected changes. “Your body doesn’t need added sugar,” Dr. Jason Fung, a nephrologist specializing in reversing Type 2 diabetes, told The Epoch Times. Despite that reality, if you’re eating the standard American diet, you’ll likely get a bit of added sugar. If you decide to cut this out of your diet, with a few reasonable exceptions, you will experience some unexpected changes, research finds. Sugar and your Immune System 1. Increased and Sustained Energy “I often call sugars ‘The Great Deceiver,’” said Dr. Becky Gillaspy, a chiropractor and author of the book “Intermittent Fasting Diet Guide and Cookbook,” during an interview with The Epoch Times. She explained that added sugar quickly breaks down into simple sugars, providing a quick burst of energy, “but then it turns around and robs that (energy) from us.” In the first few days of ceasing added sugar intake, we may experience some discomfort. According to Dr. Gillaspy, this is because the body has become accustomed to relying on the quick energy sugar provides and, as a result, exhibits cravings for it, and we see pretty quickly the health effects of sugar. However, the body gradually receives more stable and sustained energy when we shift to obtaining carbohydrates and other nutrients from natural foods and whole grains. Many people find themselves more energetic after quitting sugar for a while. The body quickly adapts and can run on whatever fuel is most available. “Our metabolism switches from being a better sugar burner to being a better fat burner,” said Dr. Gillaspy. This leads to a more sustained energy level, increased metabolic flexibility, and reduced food cravings. “Your body will reset, becoming a body that doesn’t need sugar,” Dr. Fung said. 2. Improved Insulin Sensitivity Stable blood sugar is a natural benefit of quitting sugar, and what’s even better is that quitting also improves insulin resistance. High sugar intake raises blood sugar levels, prompting the pancreas to release more insulin to shuttle sugar into cells, including fat cells. If this is happening often, our cells begin to resist insulin’s demands to take in this sugar, leaving it in the bloodstream where it poses significant health risks  According to a review study (pdf) published in Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine in 2019, the prevalence of insulin resistance ranges from 10 percent to 30 percent among different populations. A previous study conducted by the University of Southern California showed that reducing added sugar intake by 40 grams and decreasing calorie intake from added sugar by 5 percent can lead to a 20 percent decrease in insulin secretion. Another study based on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database in the United States revealed that each 8-ounce or 1-cup sugar-sweetened beverage increases insulin resistance by 6 percent. Fasting insulin is one of the markers used to measure insulin resistance. A study involving 2,500 adults showed that those who did not consume sugar-sweetened beverages had lower fasting insulin levels than those who did. 3. Reduced Inflammation and Pain “The best part [of quitting sugar] is no pain,” a photographer named Pat gratefully told Dr. Gillaspy. She used to suffer from severe joint and muscle pain—almost to the point of giving up her photography job, which required standing all day. Now, “the 52-year-old Pat runs literal circles around the 35-year-old former Pat,” Dr. Gillaspy described. Excessive sugar consumption triggers the release of pro-inflammatory substances in the body. A study involving nearly 10,000 adults in England showed that individuals who consumed more added sugar from beverages and tea, coffee, and cereal had higher levels of inflammatory markers in their blood. Research in the field of immunology has indicated an urgent need to understand the impact of excessive sugar intake on the development of human inflammatory diseases. High levels of sugar in the diet can lead to rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, psoriasis, inflammatory bowel disease, and low-grade chronic inflammation. 4. Easier Weight Management Losing weight becomes easier after quitting sugar. Jessica Russo, a clinical psychologist in private practice in Philadelphia, mentioned during an interview with The Epoch Times that one of her patients, who had struggled with binge eating and excess weight, lost 10 pounds within a month after cutting out added sugar and other refined carbohydrates. Another individual who successfully lost 54 pounds told Dr. Gillaspy that most of their weight was shed after seriously committing to quitting sugar.  Sugar stimulates insulin secretion, and elevated insulin levels promote fat storage; this is why insulin resistance makes weight loss more challenging. A low-sugar diet leads to lower insulin levels, which, in turn, encourages cells to release fat. A meta-analysis assessing over 60 studies published in the British Medical Journal indicated that reducing dietary sugar intake led to an average weight loss of 0.80 kilogram (approximately 1.76 pounds). Another prospective cohort study involving over 120,000 individuals found that consuming sugar-sweetened beverages resulted in a continuous weight gain of up to 1 pound over four years, while drinking one less sugar-sweetened beverage a day reduced annual weight gain by approximately 25 percent. 5. Enhanced Mental Well-Being Ms. Russo explained that sugar depletes vitamin B, and vitamin B is crucial for the human brain. A deficiency in vitamin B can lead to reduced cognitive clarity and a decline in thinking abilities, which is also one of the reasons sugar consumption can cause irritability. According to Ms. Russo, depression and anxiety are linked to inflammation. Eliminating sugar and reducing inflammation tends to make individuals feel more relaxed and hopeful. We often notice this difference when we pay a bit more attention. Therefore, when feeling down, we can reflect on whether it is due to excessive sugar consumption. A study published in the Frontiers in Public Health in 2023 involving about 16,000 obese American adults revealed that individuals with higher total sugar intake in their diets had a higher prevalence of depressive symptoms. Those with the highest total sugar intake had a 50 percent higher risk of developing depression than those with the lowest, a conclusion corroborated by other meta-analyses and cohort studies. 6. Heightened Taste Sensitivity When people get used to eating fewer sweet foods, they often realize that they do not actually need as much sweetness. “One of the most common things that shocks people when they give up sugar is that they lose their taste for sugar,” said Dr. Gillaspy. Ms. Russo also noted that many individuals find very sweet foods unpleasant in taste after cutting back on their sugar intake. This is because when following a high-sugar diet, the brain’s chemical responses and taste buds can become dulled to sweetness; however, cutting out sugar can restore sensitivity to these organs, allowing us to find satisfaction with smaller amounts of sugar.  “It (giving up sugar) opens up this whole new flavor world for foods that you would have not enjoyed before,” Dr. Gillaspy said, using her own story as an example. When she was younger, she had a strong sugar addiction and was overweight, and foods like Brussels sprouts and sauerkraut would never have been found on her plate. However, after quitting added sugar, she acquired a taste for these ingredients and found them incredibly delicious. 7. Improved or Reversed Fatty Liver Excessive sugar consumption leads to fatty liver, “essentially due to the way fructose is metabolized,” explained Dr. Fung. He said that when referring to sugar, we are usually talking about sucrose, which comprises one glucose molecule and one fructose molecule. While every cell in the body can utilize glucose as an energy source, fructose cannot be used by any cells. Instead, it goes directly to the liver, where some of it is converted into fat. “So fructose, refined sugars, are much worse for you than regular sugar,” emphasized Dr. Fung. They are far worse than empty calories or even regular starch. That is why quitting sugar is crucial in preventing fatty liver disease progression. A study published in Gastroenterology involving children and adolescents showed that when total calorie intake remained the same, reducing added fructose intake over nine consecutive days (controlled at 4 percent of total calories) could decrease the median liver fat percentage from 7.2 percent to 3.8 percent. Furthermore, the conversion of fructose to fat in the liver significantly decreased. In another eight-week trial, restricting dietary sugar intake led to a reduction in the conversion of fructose to liver fat from about 35 percent to about 24 percent. A study published in the British Medical Journal Open in 2017 suggests that reducing added sugar intake by 20 percent could reduce the prevalence of hepatic steatosis, fatty liver disease, cirrhosis, and liver cancer. A 50 percent reduction in intake would have an even more significant proportional effect. 8. Improved Gut Health and Immunity Many may not realize that digestive discomfort or frequent colds could be attributed to excessive sugar consumption. Research suggests that dietary sugar affects immune cells in the gut, leading to the replacement of beneficial bacteria by harmful ones. Furthermore, the body alters the gut microbiota to detoxify the toxins resulting from excessive sugar intake, disrupting the natural balance. This disruption reduces intestinal epithelial integrity and mucosal immunity. Additionally, excessive sugar consumption and high blood sugar levels can increase gut permeability, compromising the gut’s protective barrier and enhancing infection susceptibility. Ms. Russo also pointed out that sugar intake can reduce the body’s zinc levels, which is crucial for the immune system. 9. Improved Skin Health Quitting sugar might be the most straightforward and cost-effective approach to appearing younger and eliminating facial and skin blemishes. Sugar undergoes oxidative reactions with proteins in our bodies, producing advanced glycation end products (AGEs). AGEs are a complex group of substances, and apart from some individual components, they are generally toxic to the body and can accumulate in tissues. Over time, skin problems may arise, such as browning, yellowing, poor elasticity, and deeper wrinkles. AGEs can also cause internal changes in the skin. They hinder wound healing, disrupt skin cell function, induce apoptosis, and trigger inflammation. Quitting sugar not only promotes healthier and more youthful skin but also reduces toxins in the body, thus preventing age-related diseases. AGEs can contribute to age-related diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders, atherosclerosis, and chronic inflammatory conditions. The accumulation of AGEs is accelerated in conditions like insulin resistance and diabetes, leading to a range of comorbidities.

How much is enough?? Personally I believe it is a very important aspect of fighting cancer. Muscle mass is required for the body to move effectively and when the body is not getting enough energy from food it resorts to taking it from fat stores and then from muscles. Many people know that standard oncology treatments of Chemotherapy have side effects that compromise health due to loss of appetite, nausea and fatigue. This is when the body starts to feed on itself. I advocate, and always will, as a Cancer survivor for Natural Cures that don't have the side effects and allow a person to exercise effectively to maintain important muscle mass. For those people who take the standard treatments they must understand how the body works during their fight against cancer and realise that standard treatments not only rob your body of "quality of life" but also rob your body of important muscle mass. Exercise is important to maintain health free of Cancer! What is Physical Exercise and Cancer Physical activity is defined as any movement that uses skeletal muscles and requires more energy than resting. Physical activity can include walking, running, dancing, biking, swimming, performing household chores, exercising, and engaging in sports activities. A measure called the metabolic equivalent of task, or MET, is used to characterize the intensity of physical activity. One MET is the rate of energy expended by a person sitting at rest. Light-intensity activities expend less than 3 METs, moderate-intensity activities expend 3 to 6 METs, and vigorous activities expend 6 or more METs. Sedentary behavior is any waking behavior characterized by an energy expenditure of 1.5 or fewer METs while sitting, reclining, or lying down ( 1 ). Examples of sedentary behaviors include most office work, driving a vehicle, and sitting while watching television. A person can be physically active and yet spend a substantial amount of time being sedentary. What is known about the relationship between exercise and cancer risk? Evidence linking higher physical activity to lower cancer risk comes mainly from observational studies , in which individuals report on their physical activity and are followed for years for diagnoses of cancer. Although observational studies cannot prove a causal relationship, when studies in different populations have similar results and when a possible mechanism for a causal relationship exists, this provides evidence of a causal connection. There is strong evidence that higher levels of physical activity are linked to lower risk of several types of cancer. Bladder cancer: In a 2014 meta-analysis of 11 cohort studies and 4 case-control studies, the risk of bladder cancer was 15% lower for individuals with the highest level of recreational or occupational physical activity than in those with the lowest level ( 5 ). A pooled analysis of over 1 million individuals found that leisure-time physical activity was linked to a 13% reduced risk of bladder cancer. Breast cancer: Many studies have shown that physically active women have a lower risk of breast cancer than inactive women. In a 2016 meta-analysis that included 38 cohort studies, the most physically active women had a 12–21% lower risk of breast cancer than those who were least physically active. Physical activity has been associated with similar reductions in risk of breast cancer among both premenopausal and postmenopausal women. Women who increase their physical activity after menopause may also have a lower risk of breast cancer than women who do not. Colon cancer: In a 2016 meta-analysis of 126 studies, individuals who engaged in the highest level of physical activity had a 19% lower risk of colon cancer than those who were the least physically active. Endometrial cancer: Several meta-analyses and cohort studies have examined the relationship between physical activity and the risk of endometrial cancer (cancer of the lining of the uterus. In a meta-analysis of 33 studies, highly physically active women had a 20% lower risk of endometrial cancer than women with low levels of physical activity. There is some evidence that the association is indirect, in that physical activity would have to reduce obesity for the benefits to be observed. Obesity is a strong risk factor for endometrial cancer. Esophageal cancer: A 2014 meta-analysis of nine cohort and 15 case–control studies found that the individuals who were most physically active had a 21% lower risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma than those who were least physically active. Kidney (renal cell) cancer: In a 2013 meta-analysis of 11 cohort studies and 8 case–control studies, individuals who were the most physically active had a 12% lower risk of renal cancer than those who were the least active. A pooled analysis of over 1 million individuals found that leisure-time physical activity was linked to a 23% reduced risk of kidney cancer. Stomach (gastric) cancer: A 2016 meta-analysis of 10 cohort studies and 12 case–control studies reported that individuals who were the most physically active had a 19% lower risk of stomach cancer than those who were least active. There is some evidence that physical activity is associated with a reduced risk of lung cancer. However, it is possible that differences in smoking, rather than in physical activity, are what explain the association of physical activity with reduced risk of lung cancer. In a 2016 meta-analysis of 25 observational studies, physical activity was associated with reduced risk of lung cancer among former and current smokers but was not associated with risk of lung cancer among never smokers. For several other cancers, there is more limited evidence of an association. These include certain cancers of the blood, as well as cancers of the pancreas, prostate, ovaries, thyroid, liver, and rectum. How might physical activity be linked to reduced risks of cancer? Exercise has many biological effects on the body, some of which have been proposed to explain associations with specific cancers. These include: Lowering the levels of sex hormones, such as estrogen, and growth factors that have been associated with cancer development and progression [breast, colon] Preventing high blood levels of insulin, which has been linked to cancer development and progression [breast, colon] Reducing inflammation Improving immune system function Altering the metabolism of bile acids, decreasing exposure of the gastrointestinal tract to these suspected carcinogens [colon] Reducing the time it takes for food to travel through the digestive system, which decreases gastrointestinal tract exposure to possible carcinogens [colon] Helping to prevent obesity, which is a risk factor for many cancers What is known about the relationship between being sedentary and the risk of cancer? Although there are fewer studies of sedentary behavior and cancer risk than of physical activity and cancer risk, sedentary behavior—sitting, reclining, or lying down for extended periods of time (other than sleeping)—is a risk factor for developing many chronic conditions and premature death. It may also be associated with increased risk for certain cancers. How much physical activity is recommended? The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans, 2nd edition, released in 2018, recommends that, for substantial health benefits and to reduce the risk of chronic diseases, including cancer, adults engage in 150 to 300 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic activity, 75 to 100 minutes of vigorous aerobic activity, or an equivalent combination of each intensity each week. This physical activity can be done in episodes of any length. muscle-strengthening activities at least 2 days a week balance training, in addition to aerobic and muscle-strengthening activity Is physical activity beneficial for cancer survivors? Yes. A report of the 2018 American College of Sports Medicine International Multidisciplinary Roundtable on Physical Activity and Cancer Prevention and Control concluded that exercise training and testing are generally safe for cancer survivors and that every survivor should maintain some level of physical activity. The Roundtable also found strong evidence that moderate-intensity aerobic training and/or resistance exercise during and after cancer treatment can reduce anxiety, depressive symptoms, and fatigue and improve health-related quality of life and physical function strong evidence that exercise training is safe in persons who have or might develop breast-cancer-related lymphedema some evidence that exercise is beneficial for bone health and sleep quality insufficient evidence that physical activity can help prevent cardiotoxicity or chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy or improve cognitive function, falls, nausea, pain, sexual function, or treatment tolerance In addition, research findings have raised the possibility that physical activity may have beneficial effects on survival for patients with breast, colorectal, and prostate cancers. Breast cancer: In a 2019 systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies, breast cancer survivors who were the most physically active had a 42% lower risk of death from any cause and a 40% lower risk of death from breast cancer than those who were the least physically active. Colorectal cancer: Evidence from multiple epidemiologic studies suggests that physical activity after a colorectal cancer diagnosis is associated with a 30% lower risk of death from colorectal cancer and a 38% lower risk of death from any cause. Prostate cancer: Limited evidence from a few epidemiologic studies suggests that physical activity after a prostate cancer diagnosis is associated with a 33% lower risk of death from prostate cancer and a 45% lower risk of death from any cause. There is very limited evidence for beneficial effects of physical activity on survival for other cancers, including non-Hodgkin lymphoma, stomach cancer, and malignant glioma. What additional research is under way on the relationship between physical activity and cancer? Findings from observational studies provide much evidence for a link between higher levels of physical activity and lower risk of cancer. However, these studies cannot fully rule out the possibility that active people have lower cancer risk because they engage in other healthy lifestyle behaviors. For this reason, clinical trials that randomly assign participants to exercise interventions provide the strongest evidence because they eliminate bias caused by pre-existing illness and attendant physical inactivity. To confirm the observational evidence and define the potential magnitude of the effect, several large clinical trials are examining physical activity and/or exercise interventions in cancer patients and survivors. These include the Breast Cancer Weight Loss (BWEL) trial in newly diagnosed breast cancer patients, the CHALLENGE trial in colon cancer patients who have recently completed chemotherapy, and the INTERVAL-GAP4 trial in men with metastatic, castrate-resistant prostate cancer. Many additional questions have yet to be answered in several broad areas of research on physical activity and cancer: What are the mechanisms by which physical activity reduces cancer risk? What is the optimal time in life, intensity, duration, and/or frequency of physical activity needed to reduce the risk of cancer, both overall and for specific sites? Is sedentary behavior associated with increased risk of cancer? Does the association between physical activity and cancer differ by age or race/ethnicity? Does physical activity reduce the risk of cancer in people who have inherited a genetic variant that increases cancer risk?

Methylene Blue Methylene Blue : This synthetic compound has been making waves in the health and wellness world for its potential benefits to humans. Clinical studies suggest that it may improve cognitive performance , including memory tasks, and even alleviate symptoms of certain conditions caused by cerebral hypoperfusion by increasing cerebral blood flow. Methylene blue treatment is known for enhancing blood circulation, improving oxygen levels, boosting cognition, and reducing inflammation. Methylene blue (MB) is used as a textile dye but has since found its way into medicine. In recent years, studies have shown that MB can increase cell oxygen utilization, which could lead to improved energy levels and cognitive function. Additionally, MB enhances cerebral blood flow, aiding in memory tasks and retrieval. It has also shown promise in protecting against brain damage. A research article in the Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease showed that participants with mild cognitive impairment who took a 30 mg dose of MB daily for six months showed significant improvements in memory recall and attention compared to those who took a placebo, according to clinical studies. Another paper in the Journal of Psychopharmacology found that MB improved reaction time and accuracy on cognitive tasks in healthy adults, possibly due to its effect on cerebral blood flow. MB may also benefit individuals with brain damage, but further research is needed. But it’s not just cognitive performance that MB may benefit from. Clinical studies suggest it could also help mental health conditions such as depression and cerebral hypoperfusion. Additionally, research shows that MB may increase serotonin levels, which could positively affect mood and overall well-being. Furthermore, MB has potential benefits in conditions such as Parkinson’s disease, sepsis, and other illnesses. However, the optimal dose and form of MB for different disease conditions are under study. It’s important to note that while MB shows promise as a potential treatment option , individuals should always consult their healthcare provider before trying new supplements or treatments. Some forms of MB are light-sensitive and can cause skin discoloration if not used properly. Health Benefits of Methylene Blue Boosts Hemoglobin Levels in the Blood Methylene blue (MB) is a medication used for various health conditions, including treating methemoglobinemia, where the blood cannot carry oxygen effectively. Recent studies suggest that MB can also help increase hemoglobin levels in the blood. Low hemoglobin levels can lead to anemia, causing fatigue, weakness, and shortness of breath. Anemia is linked to other health complications. In a paper in “The Journal of Clinical Investigation,” researchers found that administering methylene blue (MB) increased hemoglobin levels and improved oxygen delivery in mice with anemic conditions. Another study on human subjects showed similar results, suggesting that mb may benefit individuals with low hemoglobin levels. Potential to Lower Blood Pressure High blood pressure is a common disease that affects millions worldwide, leading to heart attack and stroke. Recent studies suggest that methylene blue (MB) may lower blood pressure. A paper in the journal “Hypertension” found that methylene blue (MB) reduced high blood pressure in rats by increasing nitric oxide production. Nitric oxide improves blood flow by relaxing blood vessels and lowering overall blood pressure. Another study conducted on human subjects showed similar results. Participants who took methylene blue (MB) had significantly better systolic and diastolic blood pressure than those who took a placebo. More studies are ongoing to understand how methylene blue affects blood pressure regulation in humans, becoming a promising treatment option for Hypertension. MB could potentially offer hope for those struggling with high blood pressure. Neuroprotective Effects on the Brain Methylene blue (MB) has a neuroprotective effect on the brain and is used to treat neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s. It has shown potential in inhibiting tau formation, a key factor in the pathology of Alzheimer’s disease, suggesting it may help manage cognitive decline associated with the disease. One research article published in the prestigious journal Nature discovered that methylene blue (MB) could stop toxic proteins from accumulating in the brains of mice suffering from Alzheimer’s disease. Another study involving human participants found that methylene blue (MB) could enhance brain function in people with mild cognitive impairment. Methylene blue (MB) may also have potential as a treatment for traumatic brain injury (TBI). A paper in the Journal of Neurotrauma found that administering MB after a TBI reduced brain swelling and improved neurological outcomes in rats. Research is ongoing to understand how methylene blue affects brain health entirely; these findings suggest that it may benefit individuals at risk for or suffering from neurodegenerative diseases or traumatic brain injuries. MB may be a promising treatment option for these conditions. Therapeutic Uses of Methylene Blue Treatment for Methemoglobinemia Methylene blue (MB) is a medication used to treat methemoglobinemia , in which the blood cannot carry oxygen properly. When someone has methemoglobinemia, MB can alleviate symptoms such as shortness of breath, fatigue, and cyanosis (a bluish tint to the skin). MB can effectively restore the oxygen-carrying capacity of hemoglobin molecules chemically altered due to exposure to certain medications or chemicals, or it can be inherited. Methylene blue (MB) converts abnormal hemoglobin molecules into normal ones that can carry oxygen effectively. It does this by acting as an acceptor electron and reducing the iron in the hemoglobin molecule from its ferric (Fe3+) state back to its ferrous (Fe2+) state. This allows oxygen to bind more effectively and improves tissue oxygenation. Photodynamic Therapy for Cancer and Skin Conditions In addition to treating methemoglobinemia, methylene blue (MB) is used in photodynamic therapy (PDT) for certain types of cancer and skin conditions. PDT involves administering a photosensitizing agent like MB and exposure to specific wavelength light energy. The photosensitizer absorbs light energy and undergoes a chemical reaction that generates reactive oxygen species, which can destroy nearby cells. Methylene blue (MB) is effective in PDT for various types of cancer, including bladder, breast, and head and neck cancers. It is used successfully in treating acne vulgaris and other dermatological conditions with the help of MB. Medication Reversal and Vasoplegic Syndrome (VS) Treatment in Nursing Methylene blue (MB) has other therapeutic uses as a medication reversal agent and treatment option for Vasoplegic syndrome (VS) in nursing settings. Patients may sometimes receive vasopressor medications like epinephrine or norepinephrine to increase blood pressure during surgery or other medical procedures. Sometimes, these medications can cause VS, where the blood vessels become dilated, and blood pressure drops dangerously low. Methylene blue (MB) reverses the effects of vasopressors and restores normal vascular tone. It works by inhibiting nitric oxide synthase, an enzyme that produces nitric oxide, which causes vasodilation. By inhibiting this enzyme, MB can constrict blood vessels and increase blood pressure. In nursing settings, methylene blue (MB) may also treat septic shock or other conditions where vasodilation causes dangerously low blood pressure. MB is typically administered intravenously and requires careful monitoring of vital signs. Methylene Blue Benefits: Anti-Aging Properties Antioxidant Properties of Methylene Blue Methylene blue is a compound that possesses antioxidant properties. Antioxidants help neutralize free radicals and prevent damage to cells that contribute to aging. By reducing oxidative stress in the body, methylene blue may help combat the effects of aging. Studies have shown that methylene blue (MB) can effectively reduce cellular damage caused by free radicals . In one mb study, researchers found that methylene blue protected cells from damage caused by hydrogen peroxide, a type of free radical. Another mb study found that methylene blue was able to reduce oxidative stress in the brains of mice. Cognitive Function and Memory Improvement As we age, our cognitive function and memory may decline. However, studies have suggested that MB, or methylene blue, can improve these functions. Methylene blue has shown potential for memory enhancement by increasing ATP production in the brain, which can improve memory and focus while preventing age-related cognitive decline. Older adults on MB improved their cognition compared to those not taking the supplement. Another study investigated the effects of methylene blue on memory in rats. The researchers found that rats given methylene blue could remember objects they had seen before better than rats who did not receive the supplement. Potential for Lifespan Extension Methylene blue (MB) also has the potential to extend the lifespan of certain organisms. In one study, researchers found that adding small amounts of MB to the diet of fruit flies increased their lifespan by up to 40 percent. While more research is ongoing on humans, these findings suggest that methylene blue (MB) may have anti-aging benefits beyond improving cognitive function and memory. Cognitive Benefits of Methylene Blue Improving Cognitive Function in Individuals with Cognitive Impairment Methylene blue (MB), a medication used to treat methemoglobinemia, has been found to have cognitive benefits. Studies have shown that MB can improve cognitive function in individuals with cognitive impairment. In one study, 14 patients with Alzheimer’s disease were given MB for four weeks. The results showed that MB improved their cognitive function and slowed down the progression of the disease. Additionally, MB has been shown to mitigate cognitive deficits and neuronal loss associated with chronic cerebral hypoperfusion, highlighting its potential neuroprotective and therapeutic effects in neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s. Increasing Cerebral Blood Flow Cerebral hypoperfusion is when decreased blood flow to the brain causes brain damage and other neurological problems. Methylene blue (MB) increases cerebral blood flow , which can help counteract cerebral hypoperfusion and prevent brain damage. Enhancing Memory Retrieval in Memory Tasks Low methylene blue (MB) doses enhance memory retrieval in memory tasks. Participants in the research were given either a low dose of mb or a placebo before taking part in a memory task. The results showed improved performance in those on MB compared to those who had taken the placebo. Improving Mental Health and Alleviating Symptoms of Depression Methylene blue (MB) has been found to increase serotonin levels, which may improve mental health and alleviate symptoms of depression. In the context of depression, methylene blue is considered a potent antidepressant due to its ability to increase key neurotransmitters like norepinephrine, serotonin, and dopamine. This regulation can also impact related conditions such as anxiety and bipolar disorder. Serotonin regulates mood, sleep, appetite, and other bodily functions. Low levels of serotonin are present in those with depression and anxiety disorders. High methylene blue (MB) doses can lead to serotonin syndrome, a potentially dangerous condition characterized by excessive serotonin activity. Therefore, taking methylene blue (MB) only under medical supervision is crucial. How Methylene Blue Combats Oxidative Stress and Neuroinflammation Methylene blue is a powerful agent in the fight against oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, both implicated in the progression of brain diseases. Here’s how it works: Targeting Mitochondria : The compound specifically targets mitochondria, the energy powerhouses of cells. By enhancing mitochondrial function, methylene blue helps reduce oxidative damage, a key factor in neuroinflammation. Reducing Oxidative Damage : Through its antioxidant properties, methylene blue minimizes the harmful effects of free radicals. These molecules are notorious for damaging cells and tissues, leading to inflammation and other harmful processes in the brain. Mitigating Inflammation : By lowering oxidative stress, methylene blue indirectly reduces inflammation in the brain. This dual action helps mitigate the behavioral symptoms often associated with aging and neurodegenerative diseases. In summary, methylene blue provides a comprehensive approach to protecting the brain by improving mitochondrial function, reducing oxidative damage, and lowering inflammation levels. Potential Medical Uses of Methylene Blue Methylene Blue: A Long-Standing Medical Dye Methylene blue (MB) has been used in medical procedures for over 100 years. It stains tissues during surgeries and diagnostic procedures, allowing doctors to better visualize and differentiate between different tissue types. However, recent research has shown that mb may have potential medical uses beyond its traditional role as a dye. Treating Methemoglobinemia with Methylene Blue One of the most promising methylene blue (MB) uses is treating methemoglobinemia. This condition occurs when too much methemoglobin is in the blood, which prevents oxygen from binding to hemoglobin and being transported throughout the body. This leads to shortness of breath, fatigue, and cyanosis (a bluish tint to the skin). In very severe cases, it can be life-threatening. Methylene blue (MB) works by converting methemoglobin back into normal hemoglobin, allowing oxygen to be transported throughout the body again. This makes it an effective treatment for methemoglobinemia, especially when other MB treatments have failed or are unavailable. However, it’s important to note that methylene blue should only be used under medical supervision. While it is generally safe when used correctly, it can cause adverse effects such as headaches, nausea, vomiting, and confusion. Vasoplegic Syndrome Treatment with Methylene Blue Another potential use for methylene blue is in the treatment of Vasoplegic syndrome. This condition occurs when blood vessels become dilated and cannot constrict properly, leading to low blood pressure and improved blood flow to vital organs such as the brain and kidneys. Methylene blue restores proper blood vessel function through its effects on nitric oxide signaling pathways, making it an effective treatment for Vasolegic syndrome. However, as with methemoglobinemia, methylene blue should only be used under medical supervision. It interacts with certain medications, causing adverse effects such as low blood pressure and shortness of breath. FDA Approval for Methylene Blue While methylene blue has shown promise in treating various medical conditions, it’s important to note that the FDA has restricted its use in diagnostic procedures. While doctors may use methylene blue off-label to treat certain conditions, there is limited research on its safety and effectiveness. When considering methylene blue, it’s crucial to understand how it may interact with other substances, including alcohol and tobacco. Before starting treatment, inform your healthcare provider about all medications you are currently taking. This includes prescription drugs, over-the-counter products, and any dietary supplements. Methylene blue can interact with certain substances, potentially altering its effectiveness or increasing the risk of side effects. For instance, consuming alcohol while using methylene blue can diminish its therapeutic effects and may also heighten side effects such as dizziness or nausea. Similarly, smoking tobacco can influence how the body processes methylene blue, potentially requiring dosage adjustments. Here’s a checklist to ensure safety: Prescription Medications: Verify any potential reactions, particularly if you are on MAO inhibitors or serotonergic drugs. Over-the-Counter Drugs: Include common pain relievers, cold medications, and antacids. Dietary Supplements: Herbal supplements and vitamins should not be overlooked. Alcohol and Tobacco: Disclose your consumption habits to account for possible interactions. Being transparent with your healthcare professional about your lifestyle and medication use is essential for minimizing risks and optimizing the effectiveness of methylene blue treatment. Mechanism of Action of Methylene Blue Methylene Blue Affects Mitochondrial Function Methylene blue is a medication used for many years in various medical fields. One of these effects is on mitochondrial energy metabolism. Mitochondria are cell organelles that produce energy; methylene blue enhances this process. Methylene blue can improve mitochondrial respiration and reduce oxidative stress, improving overall cellular health by stimulating the electron transport chain (ETC), a series of proteins located within the inner membrane of mitochondria. This stimulation increases the production of ATP, which is the primary energy source for cellular processes. The Drug Has an Effect on Monoamine Oxidase Another mechanism by which methylene blue provides therapeutic benefits is through its effect on monoamine oxidase (MAO). MAO is an enzyme that down neurotransmitters such as serotonin and dopamine, which play essential roles in mood regulation. Methylene blue is helpful as a potential treatment for neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s due to its ability to protect against neuronal damage caused by oxidative stress. Methylene blue inhibits MAO activity, increasing these neurotransmitters’ levels in the brain. This increase can positively affect mood disorders such as depression and anxiety. Methylene Blue’s Mechanism of Action Involves Mitochondria As mentioned earlier, methylene blue’s mechanism of action involves mitochondria. Specifically, it works by donating electrons to complex IV within the ETC. This donation helps restore proper mitochondrial function and enhances ATP production. Methylene blue can act as an antioxidant within mitochondria by scavenging free radicals that cause oxidative damage. Methylene blue can improve overall cellular health and function by reducing oxidative stress within cells’ powerhouse organelles. The Drug’s Impact on Mitochondrial Function is Linked to Its Therapeutic Benefits The impact of methylene blue on mitochondrial function is crucial to its therapeutic benefits. As mentioned earlier, mitochondria are responsible for producing energy within cells. By enhancing this process, methylene blue can provide many benefits. For example, studies have shown that methylene blue can improve cognitive function in individuals with neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s. The drug has been a potential treatment for sepsis due to its ability to enhance mitochondrial respiration and reduce oxidative stress. Role of Methylene Blue in Treating Neurological Disorders Methylene Blue Provides Neuroprotection Against Various Diseases Methylene blue is a synthetic compound used for various medical purposes. A promising application is its potential to treat neurological disorders. Research has shown that methylene blue can cross the blood-brain barrier, enhancing brain function, cognition, and emotional regulation. It provides neuroprotection against multiple diseases, including Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s. Methylene Blue May Improve Cognitive Function in Animal Models Studies have found that methylene blue may improve cognitive function in animal models of Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases. This indicates that it could be a potential treatment option for these conditions. The way methylene blue improves cognitive function has yet to be fully understood. Further Research is ongoing to determine the Effectiveness of Humans. While research has shown promising results for using methylene blue as a treatment option for neurological disorders, further research is needed to determine its effectiveness in humans. Clinical trials are underway to investigate methylene blue’s use for treating Alzheimer’s disease. How Methylene Blue Assists in Treating Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) Methylene blue plays a crucial role in the management of traumatic brain injury (TBI) through several mechanisms. Reduces Brain Swelling: This compound helps decrease brain edema, which is the swelling that often accompanies TBIs. By minimizing edema, methylene blue can alleviate pressure and improve overall brain function. Mitigates Inflammation: It works to suppress inflammation in the brain, providing a protective effect against further damage that often follows an initial brain injury. Enhances Oxygen Supply: By improving oxygen delivery to brain cells, methylene blue supports cellular recovery, which is vital for healing after a TBI. This enhanced oxygenation aids in restoring cognitive functions and promoting brain health. Overall, methylene blue shows considerable potential in supporting recovery by addressing multiple aspects of brain injury and promoting a conducive environment for healing. Effects of Methylene Blue on Stroke Treatment Methylene blue is garnering attention for its potential benefits in stroke therapy. Research suggests that it plays a significant role in treating ischemic strokes, which occur when a blood clot obstructs the flow of blood and oxygen to the brain. Key Benefits: Reduction of Brain Lesion Volume: Studies, particularly those conducted on animals, have demonstrated that methylene blue administered over the long term can significantly decrease the size of brain lesions. This effect is particularly notable in the chronic phase following a stroke. Neuroprotective Properties: Methylene blue exhibits neuroprotective effects, potentially safeguarding brain cells from the damage typically associated with strokes. This could lead to better recovery outcomes and reduced disability. Overall, while methylene blue’s primary approved use is for treating methemoglobinemia, its promising effects on stroke treatment highlight its potential as a valuable therapeutic option in this area. Further research could clarify its role in human stroke recovery. Methylene Blue Dye: A Diagnostic Tool for Abnormal Cells Detecting Blood Disorders Methylene blue dye has been used as a diagnostic tool to identify abnormal cells in the body, including blood disorders. Clinical trials have shown that methylene blue can detect blood disorders such as G6PD deficiency and phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. Due to enzyme deficiencies, red blood cells cannot function properly in these disorders. When a patient is given methylene blue, it causes the red blood cells to become oxidized and appear darker under a microscope. This helps doctors identify which type of enzyme deficiency the patient may have. Identifying Cancer Cells Evidence suggests that methylene blue can also identify cancer cells in the body. In one study, researchers found that when methylene blue was injected into tumors in mice, it caused the tumors to turn blue and become more visible during surgery. This allowed surgeons to remove more of the cancer and improve patient outcomes. Diagnosing Shock and Kidney Dysfunction A systematic review found that methylene blue is helpful as a diagnostic tool for shock and kidney dysfunction caused by ifosfamide, a chemotherapy drug. Ifosfamide can damage the kidneys and cause shock in some patients. By administering methylene blue, doctors can determine if the patient’s symptoms are due to ifosfamide toxicity or other causes. Benefits of Methylene Blue for Skin Health Reducing Inflammation Methylene blue is a versatile compound used in various medical applications, including treating malaria and methemoglobinemia. However, recent studies show it can also improve skin health by reducing inflammation and protecting cells. Chronic inflammation causes eczema, psoriasis, and rosacea. Methylene blue acts as an anti-inflammatory agent by inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. These cytokines are responsible for triggering inflammation in the body. Additionally, methylene blue’s antioxidant properties help in protecting cells from oxidative damage, which is integral to preventing various chronic diseases and enhancing overall health. Methylene blue can help reduce inflammation and prevent skin damage by blocking their production. This property makes it an effective ingredient in skincare products that treat inflammatory skin conditions. Antibacterial Properties Another benefit of methylene blue for skin health is its antibacterial properties. Acne is caused by bacteria that live on the skin’s surface and clog pores. It eliminates several types of bacteria that cause acne and other skin conditions. Methylene blue disrupts the bacterial cell membrane and inhibits its growth. This makes it an effective treatment against acne and other bacterial infections on the skin. Because methylene blue targets only bacterial cells and not healthy cells, it has no adverse effects on the surrounding tissue. Reducing Fine Lines and Wrinkles Aging causes loss of skin elasticity due to decreased collagen production, leading to fine lines and wrinkles that make us look much older. Methylene blue may help reduce signs of aging by improving the blood flow of blood to the skin and stimulating mitochondrial function in cells, and increasing energy production in tissues. When applied topically on the skin, this increases blood flow, helping improve overall skin health and reducing facial fine lines and wrinkles. Anticancer Properties Methylene blue may also have anticancer properties that could benefit skin health. Recent research indicates that methylene blue could be used in cancer treatment because it prompts cancer cells to self-destruct. Moreover, methylene blue inhibits angiogenesis, forming new blood vessels that supply nutrients to cancer cells. By preventing the growth of these blood vessels, methylene blue can help slow down or even stop cancer cell growth. Effectiveness of Methylene Blue in Treating Infections Methylene Blue as an Alternative to Antibiotics in Treating Fungal Infections and Nail Fungus Methylene blue is a synthetic compound used for years as a dye in various industries. Significant medical benefits are seen, including its effectiveness in treating various infections. One of the most notable benefits of methylene blue is its ability to act as an alternative to antibiotics in treating fungal infections and nail fungus. Different fungi cause fungal infections and can affect various body parts, including the skin, nails, and hair. These infections can be challenging to treat because they often require long-term use of antifungal medications that can cause side effects such as liver damage. However, methylene blue is effective against some fungi, including Candida albicans, which cause thrush and other yeast infections. Nail fungus affects millions of people worldwide and can cause thickened, discolored nails that are painful and difficult to manage. The traditional treatment for nail fungus involves taking oral antifungal medications for several months or even up to a year. In addition to being effective against fungal infections, methylene blue has also been found to help treat nail fungus. Methylene blue offers an alternative treatment option for nail fungus that is safe and effective, promoting healthy tissue regeneration around the infected area. Healthcare Providers Should Determine Methylene Blue’s Potency and Doses. While methylene blue has shown promising results in treating various infections, it’s essential to note that healthcare providers should always determine its potency and doses. This is because methylene blue can cause allergic reactions in some people, and it’s essential to ensure that the correct dosage is administered for each specific condition. One of the most common uses of methylene blue is in treating malaria. Malaria is a parasitic infection affecting millions worldwide, primarily in tropical regions. Methylene blue is effective against malaria by inhibiting the parasite’s growth responsible for generating the condition. Methylene blue is also effective in treating Lyme disease, a condition marked by rash, fever, joint pain, and fatigue. It offers potential healing against this infection. Finally, methylene blue has also been effective in treating septic shock. Septic shock is a severe medical condition which an infection causes a dangerous drop in blood pressure. If not addressed quickly, this condition can cause the failure of multiple organs. Methylene blue helps by raising blood pressure and decreasing inflammation. Future Potential Applications of Methylene Blue Methylene Blue in Clinical Studies Methylene blue is a versatile compound used for decades as a dye, medication, and laboratory reagent. Researchers have been exploring its potential future applications in clinical trials in recent years. Scientists are currently investigating the use of methylene blue in cancer treatment. Various studies have found that it can effectively destroy cancer cells in lab conditions. However, more research is required to understand its potential benefits for human patients. Methylene blue also shows potential in treating brain diseases like Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s. Animal studies have demonstrated that it can lower oxidative stress and inflammation in the brain, contributing significantly to these diseases. Additionally, methylene blue can accelerate the recovery of metabolically defective brain cells when combined with red light therapy. Now, researchers are working to see if these results can be applied to human treatments. Potential Side Effects While methylene blue has many potential benefits, side effects must be considered. For example, high doses of methylene blue can cause nausea, vomiting, headache, and confusion. However, most people who take methylene blue do not experience any severe side effects. Researchers are more closely addressing potential side effects by studying methylene blue’s chemical properties. By understanding how it interacts with different tissues and organs in the body, they hope to develop safer and more effective treatments. Animal Studies Animal studies have been essential in advancing our understanding of how methylene blue works and its potential applications. For example, researchers have used animal models to investigate whether methylene blue can improve cognitive function after traumatic brain injury or stroke. In one study published in 2019[1], rats were given saline or methylene blue injections before being subjected to a simulated stroke. The rats who received the methylene blue had significantly better outcomes than those who received saline, suggesting that methylene blue may be a promising treatment for stroke in humans. Chemical Studies Methylene blue is a complex compound with many chemical properties that make it useful for various applications. Researchers are studying these properties to better understand how methylene blue can be used in medicine and other fields. One area of interest is using methylene blue as a photosensitizer in photodynamic therapy (PDT). PDT is a cancer treatment involving light to activate drugs that kill cancer cells. Methylene blue is an effective photosensitizer, and researchers are exploring ways to enhance its effectiveness in this application. Following Ongoing Research As research into methylene blue continues, new potential applications will likely emerge. Whether it’s treating cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, or other conditions, scientists are excited about this versatile compound’s possibilities. However, it’s important to remember that much more research is needed before any new treatments can be developed. In the meantime, researchers will continue following the latest developments in the methylene blue study and working towards a better understanding of its chemical properties and potential benefits. Methylene blue is a compound studied for its various health benefits. From its therapeutic uses to its anti-aging properties, methylene blue has many potential applications in medicine and beyond. Health Benefits of Methylene Blue One of the most significant benefits of methylene blue is its ability to improve mitochondrial function . Mitochondria are the powerhouses of our cells, responsible for producing energy that fuels all cellular processes. By enhancing blood circulation and increasing cellular oxygen consumption, methylene blue may help protect against age-related decline, improve cognitive function, and reduce oxidative stress, promoting overall health. Therapeutic Uses of Methylene Blue Methylene blue has also been used therapeutically in a variety of contexts. For example, it can be used as an antidote for cyanide poisoning or as a treatment for methemoglobinemia, a condition where the blood cannot carry oxygen effectively. Anti-aging Properties of Methylene Blue As mentioned earlier, methylene blue’s ability to improve mitochondrial function may also have anti-aging effects . Studies have shown that it can improve cognitive function in older adults and even extend lifespan in specific animal models. Cognitive Benefits of Methylene Blue In addition to its anti-aging effects, methylene blue may also have cognitive benefits. It may enhance memory recall and improve attention span in healthy individuals and those with cognitive impairment. Potential Medical Uses of Methylene Blue Beyond these specific benefits, there is also potential for methylene blue to be helpful in various medical contexts. For example, it is beneficial as a treatment for neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s or Parkinson’s. Mechanism of Action of Methylene Blue The mechanism by which methylene blue exerts these various effects has yet to be fully understood, but likely to involve multiple pathways within cells and tissues. Role of Methylene Blue in Treating Neurological Disorders One area where research on methylene blue is up-and-coming is in treating neurological disorders. Studies have shown that it can improve symptoms in individuals with Alzheimer’s disease and may also be effective in treating depression. Use of Methylene Blue as a Diagnostic Tool Methylene blue is a diagnostic tool commonly used to stain cells for microscopy or identify leaks in surgical procedures. Benefits of Methylene Blue for Skin Health Methylene blue benefits skin health as well. It can help reduce inflammation and improve wound healing, making it helpful in treating conditions like acne or eczema. Effectiveness of Methylene Blue in Treating Infections Finally, methylene blue may also be effective at treating certain infections. Studies have shown that it can inhibit the growth of bacteria and viruses, making it a potentially useful treatment option. Methylene blue has many potential benefits across a wide range of applications. We will learn more about this fascinating compound and its uses as research continues. Exploring Methylene Blue as an Alternative to NAD+ Therapy for Cancer Patients Methylene blue has emerged as a potential alternative to NAD+ therapy for cancer patients, particularly those unable to undergo the latter treatment. This compound plays a crucial role by facilitating the oxidation of NADH, a process that increases NAD levels in the body. NAD, or nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, is a vital coenzyme that bolsters metabolism and supports various bodily functions, including brain and heart health. Benefits for Cancer Patients One of the significant advantages of methylene blue is its ability to mitigate some side effects commonly associated with chemotherapy and radiation. While NAD+ therapy has shown potential in supporting cellular health, it poses a risk for certain cancer patients as it might contribute to the proliferation of cancer cells. Given these considerations, methylene blue is a promising option, offering similar benefits without some of the potential drawbacks of NAD+ therapy. This makes it a viable alternative for enhancing the quality of life for cancer patients undergoing traditional treatments. Renal Impairment Considerations In patients with kidney issues, adjust methylene blue doses: Mild to moderate impairment: No dose change needed Severe impairment: Use caution, consider dose reduction Dialysis patients: Give after dialysis sessions We closely monitor renal function and adjust as needed. Methylene blue can affect certain lab tests, so we interpret results carefully. Adjustments for Hepatic Impairment Mild impairment: No dose adjustment required Moderate to severe impairment: Reduce dose by 50% Monitor liver function tests regularly We watch for signs of toxicity, such as nausea or confusion. In some cases, we may need to use alternative treatments. Taking methylene blue orally changes the conformation of hemoglobin in RBCs to help it carry oxygen more efficiently, promotes oxygen release into tissues so it can be utilized more easily, helps clear senescent cells, increases mitochondrial biogenesis, and works as a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAO-I) which leads to increases in dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin. Phew! Are you keeping up? This compound is doing a lot and has a large therapeutic range… from 4 to 210 mg (<0.5 to 3 mg/kg). Even at doses >3 mg/kg, when methylene blue is no longer an electron donor and becomes purely oxidative, there may be a role for it in cancer and sepsis. But that’s a huge therapeutic range. How do you know what dose is best for you? Dosing and proper use of methylene blue The key point is to distinguish what kind of dosing helps acutely (i.e., for a disease or condition) vs. what dosing will help optimize health or a more chronic condition. And also to be aware of the significant dangers of taking too much methylene blue at high doses for long periods, including the risk of methemoglobinemia in susceptible individuals and other side effects. Let’s chat about the risks of higher-dose methylene blue Methylene blue and the disruption of GI biofilms One concern with higher-dose methylene blue, typically greater than 1 mg/kg body weight, is that it may disrupt natural and healthy gastrointestinal biofilms, leading to issues with your gut lining and gut microbiota. Biofilms are a collective of one or more types of microorganisms that can grow on many different surfaces. They produce an extracellular polymeric substance (EPS), which gives the surface a film-like/sticky consistency. A fully functioning biofilm structure is comprised of microbial cells and EPS, has a defined architecture, and provides an optimal environment for the exchange of genetic material between cells of the same and different phyla, otherwise known as trans-kingdom interactions. Microorganisms that form biofilms include bacteria, fungi, and protists. In the gut, biofilms naturally grow, both at the epithelial surface and in the lumen as mucin-attached and food particle-attached colonies. Communities of microbes that form biofilms are usually more resilient to stress and are well-known to keep surfaces like your mouth and gut healthy. This includes enhancing immune system function. They also function as a physical barrier to the intestinal lining. There are, however, times when these biofilms can become pathologic, such as in dental plaques or with certain bacterial infections, like Bartonella. When this occurs, biofilms can protect pathogenic bacteria and can be difficult for the host defense system to identify. This is where methylene blue can be very effectively used at higher doses, especially when combined with other synergistic therapies, such as photodynamic therapy. High doses may be dangerous due to methylene blue's half-life. Here’s why… Methylene blue — whether IV, oral, or in troche form — is almost 100% bioavailable, meaning that almost all the methylene blue you take in gets into your bloodstream. How long methylene blue stays in your body depends on its half-life. This is defined as the time it takes for one-half of the amount of ingested methylene blue to leave your body. The half-life of IV methylene blue is 24 hours. The half-life of oral methylene blue is 4 to 6 hours (this half-life, of note, is a critical factor to consider when there are missed doses or when increasing the dose to twice or three times daily). Let’s take the example of a 100 mg oral methylene blue dose with a half-life of 6 hours: Imagine you take your dose at 8 am… half-life #1: 50 mg left in your body at 2 pm (i.e., 6 hours later) half-life #2: 25 mg left in your body at 8 pm (i.e., another 6 hours later) half-life #3: 12.5 mg left in your body at 2 am half-life #4: 6.25 mg left in your body at 8 am This means that if you take 100 mg of methylene blue at 8 am, you'll still have 6.25 mg of methylene blue in your body 24 hours later. Even if we assume that the methylene blue half-life is 4 hours, then there would be 3.125 mg of methylene blue left in your body at 8 am the next day. Either way, 100 mg daily methylene blue taken daily will continue to build up in your system, and this buildup could lead to adverse effects, especially when the cumulative dose reaches 3 mg/kg or greater. High doses of methylene blue and the risk of gastric ulceration? While higher doses of methylene blue may help treat some disease processes, it may cause a higher risk of gastric ulceration over the long term. In addition, there has been some discussion about whether methylene blue requires gastric acid for activation (as an argument against using methylene blue buccal troches), but this is not the case. After all, IV methylene blue is 100% bioavailable and completely bypasses the GI system (including any gastric acid). Using methylene blue with G6PD deficiency Although rare, a higher dosage, definitely greater than 3 mg/kg and possibly >1 mg/kg if used IV, methylene blue may also cause hemolysis (the destruction of red blood cells) in those with G6PD deficiency, an inherited blood disorder. At lower doses and with oral formulations, this would be rare, but caution is still advised. Methylene Blue's Cellular Mechanisms: 8 Reasons Why Low-Dose Methylene Blue is a Biohacker’s Delight MB is an electron donor and acceptor, both donating and accepting electrons. After absorption in the buccal mucosa (e.g., in a troche), oral ingestion, or IV administration, MB concentrates in tissues with the most mitochondria (e.g., the brain, where it readily crosses the blood-brain barrier, the heart, the liver, and kidneys). It is at low doses that MB makes (blue) magic happen. Here are the 8 most promising ways it works: MB donates electrons to the electron transport chain (ETC) and increases adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production. This effect can occur in the presence or absence of oxygen. Forgot how the ETC works? Watch this video (start at 1 minute). MB enhances the function of cytochrome oxidase (complex IV), making it work faster and more efficiently. This leads to increased oxygen consumption and increased ATP production, especially in the most metabolically active cells like the nerve cells in memory regions of the brain! MB stimulates glucose metabolism in conditions without oxygen and increases the amount of NAD+ + produced by mitochondria. The greater the amount of NAD+, the younger your cells remain/become due to sirtuin activation (see David Sinclair’s book Lifespan for more information). In red blood cells, low-dose MB changes the configuration of the iron (heme) in hemoglobin, the molecule in a red blood cell that carries oxygen. This improves the oxygen-carrying capacity of hemoglobin, which leads to increased ATP production from the ETC. Low-dose MB also functions as a powerful antioxidant as it scavenges the mitochondria and cytosol for free electrons to accept and neutralize. On the macro level, this is how MB may be neuroprotective and even reverse skin damage (see below). Low-dose MB also has antidepressant effects, functioning as a monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor. Inhibiting MAO prevents monoamine neurotransmitter breakdown (dopamine, melatonin, and serotonin), which leads directly to increases in these neurotransmitters. Low-dose MB may also function as a cholinesterase inhibitor, increasing the amount of acetylcholine available, a neurotransmitter in the brain responsible for arousal, attention, memory, and motivation. Low-dose MB combined with certain spectrums of light (UV, primarily) may also be anti-infective against viruses. Amazingly, there are 4 distinct ways MB increases cellular energy (ATP) production, three of which are related to its direct effects on the mitochondria. Are you paying attention yet? Moderate to High Doses of Methylene Blue At moderate doses (4 to 10 mg/kg in most studies), MB becomes a pro-oxidant and facilitates the generation of singlet oxygen and peroxide radicals, especially in the presence of certain spectrums of light. This is likely the way MB works against septic shock (via nitric oxide synthase inhibition) and possibly in cancer treatment synergy. At high doses (>10 mg/kg), MB can have harmful oxidative effects. Methylene Blue Safety MB is a very safe drug, especially when taken at low doses and when purity/potency is tested. The most common (and harmless… and awesome?) side effect of MB is blue urine. Because of the potential risk of serotonin syndrome (a life-threatening condition), do not combine MB with SSRIs, SNRIs, or drugs that increase serotonin levels except under the very close supervision of a provider. For all you psychonauts out there considering MB, certain psychedelic substances like MDMA and psilocybin increase serotonin, and the vine in ayahuasca ceremonies has MAOI properties like MB... so be mindful of what you are stacking/ingesting and wait at least 24 hours before having MB and these compounds. Are you pregnant or breastfeeding? Please don’t take MB. It is contraindicated (e.g., it ain't good for the babies on board). At high doses (>10 mg/kg), MB may cause a litany of potential side effects including hypertension, methemoglobinemia (a condition it treats at low doses), dizziness, gastrointestinal distress, affect readings of a pulse oximeter, induce hemolytic anemia in patients with a genetic condition called G6PD, and more. Don't Drink Fish Tank Cleaner, Please! Go Beyond USP! Whatever you do... please do NOT drink fish tank cleaner. Although it has MB in it to treat fish fungal infections, fish tank MB is not only diluted with water to around 2% purity, it also contains a lot of impurities and heavy metals such as arsenic, aluminum, cadmium, and lead. Industrial- and chemical-grade MB can also consist of up to 11% of impurities as well. Your safest choice is USP (pharmaceutical grade) MB, but even that can have impurities. This is why it’s important not only to ensure your MB is USP but that it also has testing that documents its purity and potency. However, even USP-grade MB can contain the aforementioned impurities. This is why the MB you are consuming must come with documentation of purity and potency along with a USP designation! Methylene Blue, Infrared Light, and the Mitochondria in the Brain Holy synergy! Although methylene blue and red light are administered in very different ways, they both seem to share a mechanism of action: enhancing the ETC in the mitochondria [1]. Methylene blue has a bio chemical effect, while NIR light has a bio physical effect. While methylene blue donates electrons , NIR light donates photons . Methylene blue is administered orally and reaches the brain through the bloodstream, whereas infrared light is applied transcranially. But in the end, they both enhance cellular metabolism and oxygen consumption to produce energy and, therefore, have neuroprotective effects against cognitive decline. Adverse Effects and Precautions Methylene blue can cause several side effects and has important safety considerations. We’ll cover the most common issues, serious reactions, drug interactions, and special population factors to be aware of. Common Side Effects: Methylene blue often causes blue or green urine. This is normal and not harmful. Some people may experience: Headache Dizziness Nausea Skin discoloration Sweating Feeling hot These effects are usually mild and go away on their own. Methylene blue can also cause pain in the arms or legs and change how things taste. Serious Adverse Reactions While rare, methylene blue can cause more serious problems: Anaphylaxis (severe allergic reaction) Serotonin syndrome (when combined with certain medications) Hemolytic anemia in people with G6PD deficiency We must watch for signs of these reactions, which can include: Trouble breathing Swelling of the face, lips, and tongue Confusion, agitation, fever Muscle stiffness or twitching Rapid heart rate Seek medical help right away if these occur. Drug Interactions Methylene blue can interact dangerously with some medicines. It should not be used with: SSRIs (like Prozac, Zoloft) SNRIs (like Effexor, Cymbalta) MAO inhibitors (like Nardil, Parnate) These combos can cause serotonin syndrome, a potentially life-threatening condition. Other drugs may also interact. We always check with a doctor or pharmacist before using methylene blue with other medications. Specific Population Considerations Some groups need extra caution with methylene blue: Pregnancy: We use it only if needed. Not enough studies exist on its safety for unborn babies. Breastfeeding: It may pass into breast milk. We discuss risks with a doctor. G6PD Deficiency: Can cause severe anemia. We avoid use or use with extreme caution. Cancer: May interfere with some cancer treatments. We consult an oncologist before use. Methylene blue can also cause photosensitivity. We advise patients to protect their skin from sun exposure while using it. Safety Guidelines and Monitoring Safety is key when using methylene blue. We need to watch for side effects and make sure it’s working right. Let’s look at some important things to keep in mind. Monitoring Therapy Effectiveness We must check how well methylene blue is working. Pulse oximetry helps us track oxygen levels in the blood. This shows if the medicine is doing its job. We should also watch vital signs closely. These include: Blood pressure Heart rate Breathing rate Temperature Regular blood tests are important too. They help us see if methemoglobin levels are going down. We might need to adjust the dose based on these results. It’s crucial to keep an eye on urine color. Methylene blue can turn urine blue or green. This is normal, but can be alarming if you’re not expecting it. Identifying and Managing Hypersensitivity Reactions We must be alert for signs of allergic reactions. These can happen even if you’ve taken methylene blue before without problems. Symptoms to watch for include: Skin rash or hives Itching Swelling, especially of the face or throat Trouble breathing If any of these occur, we need to stop the treatment right away. Seek medical help immediately. Some people might have a more serious reaction called anaphylaxis. This is rare but can be life-threatening. We must have emergency medicines on hand just in case. Blue Dye Precautions Methylene blue is a dye as well as a medicine. This means it can stain skin and other surfaces. We should wear gloves when handling it. If it gets on your skin, wash it off right away with soap and water. Be careful with clothing and bedding. The dye can stain these items, too. Use old or dark-colored sheets if possible. Methylene blue can interfere with some medical tests. We need to tell any healthcare provider about its use before getting tests done. It’s also important to avoid certain foods and drinks that are blue or green. These might make it hard to spot changes in urine color. FAQs Is methylene blue safe to use? Yes, when used appropriately, methylene blue is generally considered safe. Can I take methylene blue supplements? Yes, there are dietary supplements available that contain methylene blue. Does methylene blue have any side effects? Possible side effects include nausea, vomiting, and headache. How does methylene blue work in the body? Methylene blue (MB) is a fascinating compound with a range of applications in medicine. The exact mechanism of methylene blue works has yet to be fully understood, but likely to involve multiple pathways within cells and tissues. Primarily, it is known for treating methemoglobinemia, a rare blood condition that affects how blood delivers oxygen throughout the body. By enhancing cellular and mitochondrial function in the brain, methylene blue can improve cognition and mood. It also plays a role in combating infectious diseases and reducing inflammation, showcasing its versatility. Notably, MB can serve as an alternative to NAD+ therapy for cancer clients, underscoring its potential in diverse therapeutic contexts. How It Works: Oxygen Delivery: Methylene blue helps convert red blood cells into a form that can carry and release oxygen effectively. This process is crucial for treating methemoglobin levels greater than 30% or when symptoms persist despite oxygen therapy. Administration: Health professionals must oversee its use, typically administering it via injection to ensure proper dosage and effectiveness. Methylene blue’s multifaceted role in medical treatments highlights its significance, making it a valuable tool in both routine and complex healthcare scenarios. What medical conditions might benefit from treatment with methylene blue? Methylene blue shows promise as a potential treatment option for neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s or Parkinson’s disease. This promising compound works by targeting mitochondria-related changes commonly seen in these brain disorders. Many brain diseases, including Alzheimer’s, are characterized by inflammation, decreased oxygen levels, and an impaired balance of mitochondrial processes such as fission and fusion. These are critical factors in maintaining healthy brain cell function. Researchers are optimistic that methylene blue can address these issues at a cellular level. By doing so, it potentially stabilizes or even reverses some of the detrimental changes associated with neurodegeneration. This broad approach not only highlights its potential for Alzheimer’s but suggests it could benefit other brain conditions as well.

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